請依下文回答第23題至第27題
Is migration good for the economy? Migration is a feature of social and economic life across many
countries,but the profile of migrant populations varies considerably.In part this is because of the variety of __23___ of migration.For example,in Australia,Canada,and NewZealand,managed labor migration plays an important role. Other sources include family and humanitarian migration. Whatever its source,migration has important impacts on our societies. Benefit or burden–what’s the reality? To answer this question,it can be helpful to look at migration’s impact in two areas–the labor market and economic growth.In the labor markets,migrants have played a significant role,particularly in the United States and Europe.Over the past decade,they have __24___ 47% of the workforce increase in the United States and an even higher70% in Europe. These migrants are not just filling roles but are occupying important niches in both fast-growing and declining sectors of the economy. __25___ their impact on labor markets, migrants also significantly contribute to economic growth.Migration leads to an in crease in the working-age population,thereby providing aboost to the economy.Moreover,migrants are known to contribute to technological progress. Their unique perspectives and experiences can lead to innovative solutions and advancements,further driving economic __26___ . Understanding these impacts is important if our societies are to usefully debate the role of migration.The fundamental question of how to maximize the benefits of migration,both for host countries and the ___27__ . themselves,needs to be addressed by many countries in coming decades, especially as rapid population ageing increases demand for migrants to make up shortfalls in the workforce.
請依下文回答第28題至第32題 Too many people in corporate America, working five days a week—Monday to Friday, 9 to 5—
feels as __28___ as brushing their teeth. But it wasn’t always that way. In the late 1800s, a full-time manufacturing worker could easily spend 100 hours per week on the job. It wasn’t until around 1940, after a concerted push from labor unions, that the 40-hour workweek became standard in the U.S. Now, almost a century later, there’s growing momentum for an even more __29___ schedule. Pilot studies on working four days a week have been conducted in countries including the U.K., Spain, Portugal, and South Africa.The findings suggest that shorter workweeks can help employees reduce burnout, mange stress, get more sleep and exercise, spend additional quality time with loved ones, and feel all-around happier and healthier. Employers also reap __30___ , including lower rates of turnover and absenteeism. The study in Spain even tracked a drop in fuel emissions due to fewer commuting trips.
Additional trials are underway in countries including Germany, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic. Much of the research on shorter workweeks has been done by advocacy groups like 4 Day Week Global. Independent surveys, like one conducted by Gallup in 2022, sometimes show a more complex picture. In the Gallup survey, people who worked four days a week were slightly more likely to report feeling burned out, compared to those with traditional schedules—potentially because they had to __31___ the same amount of work into less time. That result is in direct __32___ with the results of pilot studies run by groups like 4 Day Week Global; in fact, the group identified burnout reduction as one of the largest benefits of a condensed schedule.
