請依下文回答第 29 題至第 33 題 In Feb. 2014, Johnson & Johnson announced that it was making all of its clinical trial data available to scientists around the world. It has hired my group, Yale University Open Data Access Project, or YODA,to fully oversee the release of the data. Everything in the company’s clinical research vaults, including unpublished raw data, will be available for independent review.Today, more than half of the clinical trials in the United States are not published within two years of their completion or never published at all. The unreported results, not surprisingly, are often those in which a drug failed to perform better than a placebo. As a result, evidence-based medicine is, at best, based on only some of the evidence, implying that full information on a drug’s effects may never be discovered or released. Even when studies are published, the actual data are usually not made available. End users of research—patients, doctors and policy makers—are implicitly told by the researchers to “take our word for it.” They are often forced to accept the report without the prospect of other independent scientists’ reproducing the findings—a violation of a central tenet of the scientific method. To be fair, the decision to share data is not easy. Companies worry that their competitors will benefit,that lawyers will take advantage, and that incompetent scientists will misconstrue the data and come to mistaken conclusions. So Johnson & Johnson and companies like Medtronic that have made moves toward transparency deserve much credit. The more we share data, however, the more we find that many of these problems fail to materialize. In 2011, YODA struck a deal with Medtronic to release all the data on one of its products—a device that stimulates the production of bone. At the time, questions had been raised about the device’s safety and about the conflicts of interests of some of the company’s researchers. Medtronic made the unusual decision to respond to the debate by releasing the device’s data for independent review. We commissioned and published two independent reviews of the data, and now have made them globally available. Interestingly, the reviews produced somewhat conflicting results. One found that the device was no better than a bone graft and might be associated with a slight increase in cancer, while the other found that the device was effective and the cancer risk inconclusive. To us, these differences reinforce the value of open science: now the data are out there for further study. This doesn’t mean that anyone can gain access to the data without disclosing how they intend to use it. We require those who want the data to submit a proposal and identify their research team, funding and any conflicts of interest, and exclude those who seek data for commercial or legal purposes. The applicants have to complete a short course on responsible conduct and sign an agreement that restricts them to their proposed research questions. Most important, they must agree to share whatever they find. Our intent is not to be tough gatekeepers, but to ensure that the data are used in a transparent way and contribute to overall scientific knowledge.
Which of the following statements is true about the author?
A
He is a pharmacist.
B
He is a medicine inspector.
C
He is specialized in medical research.
D
He is responsible for building the database.
本題答案:
C
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
Which is the best title for the passage?
A
Giving the Data to the People
B
How to Make the Data Available
C
Importance of Data Preservation
D
Awakening of Pharmaceutical Corporations
本題答案:
A
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
According to the passage, what happened after more companies made their data available to the public?
A
These companies gained benefits.
B
Lawyers won more lawsuits for them.
C
People learned more about their products.
D
They received more orders from hospitals.
本題答案:
C
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
According to the passage, who is most likely to be permitted to use the data?
A
A salesman who is promoting the medicine.
B
A student who is writing a thesis on medicine.
C
A lawyer who is fighting a lawsuit for a patient.
D
A company which is marketing a new medicine.
本題答案:
B
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A
When studies of a new drug are published, the related data is also available.
B
Reviews of the Medtronic device of bone production found it related to cancer.
C
Doctors are usually forced to accept what the medicine manufacturers tell them.
D
Companies don’t want to release their data mainly because their medicine has side effects.
本題答案:
C
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
請依下文回答第 34 題至第 38 題 An unmanned aerial vehicle, commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. About 700,000 drones were sold in 2015, and the number skyrocketed to almost 3 million in 2017 in the U.S. Ordinary people and small businesses use these flying devices to do all sorts of things, from aerial photography to crop-dusting to just having fun. It also enables shipping to remote places and assists search and rescue missions for humans and livestock alike. But the technology has a dark side.Terrorists and criminals could use drones to conduct illegal surveillance, carry out chemical,biological, and radiological attacks as well as more traditional attacks on large open-air venues such as concerts, sporting events and government facilities. It was reported that criminals used small drones to block FBI agents from observing a hostage situation in 2017. Drones could be used to smuggle as well. Last year, the U.S. Border Patrol agents arrested a 25-yearold man for using a drone to ferry drugs across the southwest border. Since October 2017, officials have reported over three-dozen sightings of drones operating near the U.S. border. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection is concerned that drones could show smugglers in Mexico vulnerable points on the border where people and/or drugs can cross over and sneak into the country undetected. A wide variety of counter-drone measures have been developed in response to this security threat.For example, DJI, the world’s leading maker of unmanned aerial vehicles, enforced geofencing, a virtual geographical boundary across most of Iraq and Syria, and stopped terrorists from using its drones in both countries in 2017. Both France and the Netherlands have been quietly training eagles to take down drones deemed as hostile. The Police of Wuhan, China have developed a signal-jamming gun of their own. This gun disrupts the drone’s radio signals and forces it to land. Instead of relying on radio frequencies, SkyWall offers net-based options for polices and governments. It fires projectiles that could be turned into a net to “nonviolently” down the drone.
How can drones benefit us?
A
They make smuggling easy.
B
They keep criminals busy.
C
They make large open events possible.
D
They save lives after a disaster.
本題答案:
D
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
According to the passage, in which of the following industries are drones NOT yet used?
A
Delivery.
B
Photography.
C
Financial services.
D
Security and defense.
本題答案:
C
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
What is a potential threat from a drone?
A
It may attack a city hall.
B
It may replace border security jobs.
C
It may disturb radio frequencies.
D
It may crash into a flying eagle.
本題答案:
A
#110年,#三等,#調查局調查人員考試,#調查工作組（選試英文）,#外國文(英文),
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the anti-drone measures in the passage?
