（English to Chinese）: Buying drugs from a suspect is a direct means of gathering evidence. Undercover drug operations, though dangerous, is useful in identifying participants in drug conspiracies. Undercover officers should be intelligent, reliable, confident, and resourceful, and have good judgment and excellent communication skills.
Reading Comprehension：
Police officers are prohibited from firing warning shots under any circumstances; police officers are also not permitted to shoot at a moving vehicle unless the vehicle being shot at is being used in an assault attempt.
A
When their lives are threatened, police are authorized to fire warning shots.
B
Police officers are never allowed to shoot at moving vehicles.
C
Police officers can shoot at moving vehicles only if a police officer’s life is threatened.
D
Police officers can sometimes shoot at a moving vehicle.
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) grew out of the concept of defensible space developed by an architect and urban planner. Sometimes referred to as designing out crime, it has become an important tool for police in assisting communities in crime prevention efforts. The theory is based on the belief that design of the physical environment can create opportunities for people to come together and at the same time can remove the opportunity for criminals to act freely. It does this by concentrating on a facility’s design, landscaping, and security technology, including a combination of security and police personnel, to create a series of preventive measures that combine to reduce problems or disruptions to a facility. These same preventive measures are meant to provide a sense of confidence to the public that a location is secure.
CPTED is most cost-effective when included in original design plans because this saves the costs associated with renovating or moving existing facilities. An example of a CPTED-based renovation in a mall or a transit facility would be moving the payment area of a parking lot where crimes have occurred closer to where it can be seen by general users or by the facility’s security officer. In this case, the placement of the payment area increases safety through the environmental decision of moving it into a safer area. The same example in a new facility would require someone with knowledge of CPTED principles considering the placement of the payment area during the design phase so as to prevent having to move it later.
According to the passage, police departments are most likely to use CPTED when?
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) grew out of the concept of defensible space developed by an architect and urban planner. Sometimes referred to as designing out crime, it has become an important tool for police in assisting communities in crime prevention efforts. The theory is based on the belief that design of the physical environment can create opportunities for people to come together and at the same time can remove the opportunity for criminals to act freely. It does this by concentrating on a facility’s design, landscaping, and security technology, including a combination of security and police personnel, to create a series of preventive measures that combine to reduce problems or disruptions to a facility. These same preventive measures are meant to provide a sense of confidence to the public that a location is secure.
CPTED is most cost-effective when included in original design plans because this saves the costs associated with renovating or moving existing facilities. An example of a CPTED-based renovation in a mall or a transit facility would be moving the payment area of a parking lot where crimes have occurred closer to where it can be seen by general users or by the facility’s security officer. In this case, the placement of the payment area increases safety through the environmental decision of moving it into a safer area. The same example in a new facility would require someone with knowledge of CPTED principles considering the placement of the payment area during the design phase so as to prevent having to move it later.
The passage states that CPTED was developed by?
