請依下文回答第41題至第45題 Recent societal changes have caused a questioning of the relationship between higher education institutions and their hosting state governments.While there have been an increasing number of __41___ causes and agencies,such as prisons and health care,funding for higher education institutions has not increased.Some state governments have even challenged institutional __42___ of right to funding by providing funding to the student rather than the institution.Most recently, some governments even assigned funding according to certain performance __43___ deemed appropriate and necessary to the state. __44___ , some institutions have openly challenged the state’sauthority in assigning governing board members.Some have radically increased tuition and become __45___ on fundraising. Others have eliminated programs or restricted enrollment of high-cost programs.
請依下文回答第46題至第50題 In NewZealand’s Westland District the closure of the local indigenous timber industry alongside rapid growth of the dairy and tourism sectors has produced dilemmas for families and communities as they attempt to adjust to the social consequences of rapid industry change. Drawing on a social capital perspective and a case study of 12 Westland families, this project examines how rural families bring balance to aspects of the three actions defined by Arendt as being essential to the human condition: family, work and community life. The findings reveal significant insights into how social capital is effectively reproduced in times of change. These insights are discussed in terms of their social policy implications. Fifty years ago Hannah Arendt published The Human Condition. In this work she contended that there are
three types of action required to be “fully human.” The first two of these actions, engagement in family life and paid work, are necessary for human existence in contemporary society. The third action she called vita activa, or public life: a life that is actioned within jointly built civil spaces. Within these spaces we are capable of debate, we share actions and we resolve collective dilemmas. Arendt reminds us that the absence of, or over-attention to, any one aspect of the human condition is likely to be problematic. A half a century on from Arendt’s original thesis, public policy continues to debate aspects of vita activa and democratic governments still seek to engage vita activa in economically and socially productive ways. Working out the shifting balance between family life, paid work and vita activa is a crucial aspect of responding effectively to significant social change, be it local issues (such as natural disaster relief) or meeting the challenges that arise as a consequence of external or global forces (such as the loss of a core industry). The concept of social capital has been used as a way to recognise and gauge vita activa. The term“social capital” originated, in part, in an attempt to understand how features of social organisation, such as trust, norms and networks can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions. Voluntary or joint social actions provide the opportunity to resolve collective dilemmas. Individuals achieve this through the development and use of social bonds and networks as resources to facilitate productive activity. By maintaining the social relationships and structures necessary for collective activity, individuals, families and communities are able to realise some of these benefits, and in doing so can resolve some of the issues they face in common.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A
Rural Families, Industry Change and Social Capital.
